Hantaviruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens that belong to the Bunyaviridae family. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classifies them as Category A pathogens. They pose a serious threat to human health as their infection can lead to haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), both of which are highly fatal. These pathogens...
MERS-CoV is an emerging zoonotic virus that is considered to be one of the major public health threats. Since 2012, there have been consistent monthly cases of MERS-CoV causing severe respiratory illness, resulting in the death of approximately 35% of confirmed patients. It is believed that the virus is transmitted from camels in Middle Eastern countries through contact between humans and...
Metabolic stability is a key factor to consider in the early stages of drug discovery. Even if a compound possesses promising pharmacological properties, it will never become a drug if it has poor metabolic stability. For instance, if a drug is rapidly metabolized in vivo, exposure levels may be insufficient, which could lead to the formation of toxic, inactive or active metabolites....
Although non-human primates account for only a small proportion of the animals used in biomedical research, they remain important research models due to their high degree of similarity to humans in terms of genetic makeup, anatomy, physiology and behaviour. Key medical advances have been driven by research conducted using non-human primates, primarily monkeys, saving or improving the lives of...
Although non-human primates account for only a small proportion of the animals used in biomedical research, they remain important research models due to their high degree of similarity to humans in terms of genetic makeup, anatomy, physiology and behaviour. Key medical advances have been driven by research conducted using non-human primates, primarily monkeys, saving or improving the lives of...
The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae and has three types: A, B, and C. Infection by the influenza A virus is the most common and severe and is generally found in humans. It spreads rapidly, affecting human populations across large geographical regions within a short period of time, with varying degrees of pathology ranging from mild to severe. Wild aquatic birds and other...
Earthworms are a valuable, multifunctional resource in drug development. They have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms against microbial infections, and the bioactive agents in earthworm extracts (EEs) demonstrate potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. EE alleviates inflammation triggered by infections and effectively mitigates...
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