Question: How do mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes provide therapeutic benefits for neonatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia? Answer: BPD is characterized by impaired alveolar development and chronic inflammation in premature infants. Research indicates that MSC-derived exosomes can effectively modulate the inflammatory response and promote lung tissue repair by delivering bioactive lipids, proteins, and miRNAs to damaged alveolar cells. Utilizing therapeutic exosomes for BPD research allows scientists to explore cell-free regenerative strategies that mitigate hyperoxia-induced lung injury and improve long-term respiratory outcomes without the risks associated with whole-cell therapies.